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Publius Vergilius Maro
(70 B.C.–19 B.C.)

Publius Vergilius Maro (70 B.C.–19 B.C.)

Roman poet, b. Andes dist., near Mantua, in Cisalpine Gaul. Vergil’s father, a farmer, took his son to Cremona for his education. Thereafter Vergil continued his studies in Milan, Naples, and Rome. The poet’s boyhood experience of life on the farm was an essential part of his education. After his studies in Rome, Vergil is believed to have lived with his father for about 10 years, engaged in farm work, study, and writing poetry. In 41 B.C. the farm was confiscated to provide land for soldiers. Vergil went to Rome, where he became a part of the literary circle patronized by Maecenas and Augustus and where his Eclogues, or Bucolics, were completed in 37 B.C. In these poems he idealizes rural life in the manner of his Greek predecessor Theocritus. From the Eclogues, Vergil turned to rural poetry of a contrasting kind, realistic and didactic. In his Georgics, completed in 30 B.C., he seeks, as had the Greek Hesiod before him, to interpret the charm of real life and work on the farm. His perfect poetic expression gives him the first place among pastoral poets. For the rest of his life Vergil worked on the Aeneid, a national epic honoring Rome and foretelling prosperity to come. The adventures of Aeneas are unquestionably one of the greatest long poems in world literature. Vergil made Aeneas the paragon of the most revered Roman virtues—devotion to family, loyalty to the state, and piety. In 12 books, Vergil tells how Aeneas escaped from Troy to Carthage, where he became Dido’s lover and related his adventures to her. At Jupiter’s command, he left Carthage, went to Sicily, visited his father’s shade in Hades, and landed in Italy. There he established the beginnings of the Roman state and waged successful war against the natives. The work ends with the death of Turnus at the hands of Aeneas. The verse, in dactylic hexameters, is strikingly regular, though Vergil’s death left the epic incomplete and some of the lines unfinished. The sonority of the words and the nobility of purpose make the Aeneid a masterpiece. Vergil is the dominant figure in all Latin literature. His influence continued unabated through the Middle Ages, and many poets since Dante have acknowledged their great debt to him. Minor poems ascribed to Vergil are of doubtful authorship. The spelling Virgil is not found earlier than the 5th cent. A.D.


Ajman, 1972, The Fire in the Borgo

Ajman, 1972, The Fire in the Borgo

Ajman, 1972, The Parnassus

Bulgaria, 1998, Dante and Vergil in Hell

Cambodge, 1983, Dante, Homer and Virgilius

Cirenaica, 1930, Helenus and Anchises

Cirenaica, 1930, The passing legions

Cirenaica, 1930, Landing of Aeneas

Cirenaica, 1930, Earth's bounties

Cirenaica, 1930, Harvesting

Cirenaica, 1930, Rural life

Cirenaica, 1930, Aeneas sights Italy

Cirenaica, 1930, A sheperd's hut

Cirenaica, 1930, Turnus, King of Rutuli

Dodekanes, 1930, Helenus and Anchises

Dodekanes, 1930, The passing legions

Dodekanes, 1930, Landing of Aeneas

Dodekanes, 1930, Earth's bounties

Dodekanes, 1930, Harvesting

Dodekanes, 1930, Rural life

Dodekanes, 1930, Aeneas sights Italy

Dodekanes, 1930, A sheperd's hut

Dodekanes, 1930, Turnus, King of Rutuli

Dodekanes, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Dodekanes, 1930, «The House in the Wood»

Dodekanes, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Dodekanes, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

France, 1981, Pastoral Scene

Guinea, 2002, Dante and Virgil

Italian Somalia, 1930, Helenus and Anchises

Italian Somalia, 1930, Alexandre Dumas

Italian Somalia, 1930, Landing of Aeneas

Italian Somalia, 1930, Earth's bounties

Italian Somalia, 1930, Harvesting

Italian Somalia, 1930, Rural life

Italian Somalia, 1930, Aeneas sights Italy

Italian Somalia, 1930, A sheperd's hut

Italian Somalia, 1930, Turnus, King of Rutuli

Italy, 1930, Helenus and Anchises

Italy, 1930, The passing legions

Italy, 1930, Landing of Aeneas

Italy, 1930, Earth's bounties

Italy, 1930, Harvesting

Italy, 1930, Rural life

Italy, 1930, Aeneas sights Italy

Italy, 1930, A sheperd's hut

Italy, 1930, Turnus, King of Rutuli

Italy, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Italy, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Italy, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Italy, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Italy, 1960, The Fire of Borgo

Italy, 1960, The Fire of Borgo

Italy, 1965, Hell

Italy, 1965, Purgatory

Italy, 1981, Virgil

Italy, 2009, Dante and Virgil

Maldives, 1991, Wreck of Aeneas

Monaco, 1982, Books, Reader and Globe

Monaco, 1982, Caesar in the port of Monaco

Netherlands Antilles, 2003, Illustration from «Aenes»

San-Marino, 1975, Achilles and Troillus

San-Marino, 1981, Girl Playing Pipes

San-Marino, 1981, Soldier

San-Marino, 1981, Shepherd

San-Marino, 1981, Painting of Emilio Greco

San-Marino, 1999, «Dido and Æneas»

San-Marino, 1999, Gluck, «Orfeo ed Euridice»

San-Marino, 2009, Dante and Virgil

Sierra Leone, 1993, Dante and Virgil

Spain, 2011, Dido and Aeneas

St. Vincent, 1993, The Inspiration of Poet

Sweden, 1973, «Orfeo ed Euridice»

Tripolitania, 1930, Helenus and Anchises

Tripolitania, 1930, The passing legions

Tripolitania, 1930, Landing of Aeneas

Tripolitania, 1930, Earth's bounties

Tripolitania, 1930, Harvesting

Tripolitania, 1930, Rural life

Tripolitania, 1930, Aeneas sights Italy

Tripolitania, 1930, A sheperd's hut

Tripolitania, 1930, Turnus, King of Rutuli

Tripolitania, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Tripolitania, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Tripolitania, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Tripolitania, 1930, Aeneas and Eagle

Tunisia, 1976, Virgil

Tunisia, 2002, Virgil

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Dante and Virgil

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Farinata degli Uberti

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Pope Anastasius

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Pier della Vigna

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Brunetto Latini

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Dante and Virgil

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Brothers Napoleone and Alessandro degli Alberti

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The legs of Luzifer

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Cato

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Angel

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Belacqua

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Sordello

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Nino Visconti

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Leath

Vatican, 1965, Purgatory

Vatican, 1981, Virgil and his Writing-desk

Vatican, 1981, Virgil and his Writing-desk

Vatican, 2009, Dante and Virgil

France, 1981.11.14, Paris. Hommage a Virgile

Italy, 1981.09.09, Mantua. Vergil

Italy, 2009.10.21, Rome. Dante and Virgil

San-Marino, 2009.10.21, San-Marino. Dante and Virgil

Vatican, 1981.04.23, Vatican. Virgil

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