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Dante Alighieri
(1265–1321)

Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)

Italian poet, b. Florence. Dante was the author of the Divine Comedy, one of the greatest of literary classics.

Born into a Guelph family (see Guelphs and Ghibellines) of decayed nobility, Dante moved in patrician society. He was a member of the Florentine cavalry that routed the Ghibellines at Campaldino in 1289. The next year, after the death (1290) of Beatrice, the woman he loved, he plunged into intense study of classical philosophy and Provençal poetry. This woman, thought to have been Beatrice Portinari, was Dante’s acknowledged source of spiritual inspiration.

Dante married Gemma Donati, had three children, and was active (1295–1300) as councilman, elector, and prior of Florence. In the complex politics of Florence, he found himself increasingly opposed to the temporal power of Pope Boniface VIII, and he eventually allied himself with the White Guelphs. After the victory of the Black Guelphs he was dispossessed and banished (1302). Exile made Dante a citizen of all Italy; he served various princes, but supported Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII as the potential savior of a united Italy. He died at the court of Guido da Polenta in Ravenna, where he is buried.
Dante’s reputation as the outstanding figure of Italian letters rests mainly on the Divine Comedy, a long vernacular poem in 100 cantos (more than 14,000 lines) composed during his exile. Dante entitled it Commedia; the adjective Divina was added in the 16th cent. It recounts the tale of the poet’s journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven, and is divided accordingly into three parts. In Hell and Purgatory Dante is guided by Vergil, through Heaven, by Beatrice, for whom the poem is a memorial. The work is written in terza rima, a complex verse form in pentameter, with interlocking triads rhyming aba, bcb, cdc, etc.

A magnificent synthesis of the medieval outlook, the Divine Comedy pictures a changeless universe ordered by God; its allegorical theme is the gradual revelation of God to the pilgrim. It is also a religious dialogue on the gradations of earthly sin and piety as well as on such topics as predestination and classical philosophy. The symbolism is complex yet highly rational; the verse is musical; and the entire work is one of great imagination. Through his masterpiece Dante established Tuscan as the literary language of Italy, surpassed all previous Italian writers, and gave rise to a vast literature.

Dante’s works also include La vita nuova [the new life] (written c.1292), a collection of prose and lyrics celebrating Beatrice and illustrating his idealistic concept of love; the Convivio (c.1304), an encyclopedic allegory praising both love and science; De monarchia, a treatise on the need for kingly dominance in secular affairs; and De vulgare eloquentia, on rules for the Italian vernacular. In addition, he wrote numerous lyrics, eclogues, and epistles.


Ajman, 1972, The Parnassus

Ajman, 1972, Dante

Antigua, 2000, Dante writes «La Vita Nuova»

Argentina, 1965, Dante's Statue in Florence

Bulgaria, 1998, Dante and Vergil in Hell

Cambodge, 1983, Dante, Homer and Virgilius

Chad, 1999, The Thinker

DDR, 1965, Dante Alghieri

Dodekanes, 1932, Dante Aligheri

Ecuador, 1966, The Dream of Dante

Ecuador, 1966, Meeting of Dante and Beatrix

Ecuador, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Ecuador, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Ecuador, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Fujeira, 1972, The Thinker

German Federal Republic, 1971, Dante Alghieri

Grenada Grenadines, 2000, Dante completes «The Divine Comedy»

Guatemala, 1969, Dante Alighieri

Guatemala, 1969, Dante Alighieri

Guatemala, 1969, Dante Alighieri

Guatemala, 1969, Dante Alighieri

Guatemala, 1969, Dante Alighieri

Guinea, 2002, Dante and Virgil

Italian colonies, 1932, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1921, Eagle and book

Italy, 1921, Italy and book

Italy, 1921, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1932, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1933, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1938, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1938, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1938, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1945, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1965, Hell

Italy, 1965, Purgatory

Italy, 1965, Paradise

Italy, 1965, Dante Aligheri

Italy, 1972, Initial and First Verse (Foligno edition)

Italy, 1972, Initial and First Verse (Mantua edition)

Italy, 1972, Initial and First Verse (Jesino edition)

Italy, 1990, Globe, Book and Bust of Dante

Italy, 2009, Goethe and Dante

Italy, 2009, Dante and Virgil

Italy, 2011, Stanp with Dante

Maldives, 1969, The Thinker

Malta, 1965, Dante Aligheri

Malta, 1965, Dante Aligheri

Malta, 1965, Dante Aligheri

Mexico, 1965, Dante Alghieri

Monaco, 1966, Dante

Monaco, 1966, Dante in the Forrest

Monaco, 1966, Dante and Vergilius

Monaco, 1966, Punishment of the arrogant

Monaco, 1966, Invocation of St. Bernard

Monaco, 2009, Niccolo Machiavelli

Monaco, 2009, Giovanni Boccaccio

Monaco, 2009, Francesco Petrarca

Panama, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Panama, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Paraguay, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Paraguay, 1966, Goethe and his house in Weimar

Paraguay, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Paraguay, 1966, Dante

Paraguay, 1966, Dante Alighieri

Rumania, 1965, Dante Aligheri

San-Marino, 1965, Dante Aligheri

San-Marino, 1965, Hell

San-Marino, 1965, Purgatory

San-Marino, 1965, Paradise

San-Marino, 2009, Dante and Virgil

Sao Tome e Principe, 1983, Disputa (Disputation over the Sacrament)

Sierra Leone, 1993, Dante and Virgil

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The Three Beasts

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Pope Celestine V

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Paolo and Francesca

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The Cerberus

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Dante and Virgil

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Farinata degli Uberti

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Pope Anastasius

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Centaurs

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Pier della Vigna

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Brunetto Latini

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Bottaio

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Caiphas

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Dante and Virgil

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Brothers Napoleone and Alessandro degli Alberti

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The legs of Luzifer

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Cato

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Angel

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Manfred

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Belacqua

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Sordello

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Nino Visconti

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Angel of Peace

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Leath

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Eunoe River

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Dante and Beatrice

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The Order of Paradise

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The Empyrean

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Justinian

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Rahab

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Saint Francis

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Cacciaguida

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, The Eagle of Souls

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Saturn

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Jesus Crist

Umm al Quiwain, 1972, Saint Peter

Uruguay, 1966, Dante Alighieri

USA, 1965, Dante

USSR, 1965, Dante Alighieri

Vatican, 1965, Dante Aligheri

Vatican, 1965, Inferno

Vatican, 1965, Purgatory

Vatican, 1965, Paradise

Vatican, 2009, Disputa

Vatican, 2009, Dante and Virgil

DDR, 1965.04.15, Berlin. Dante

German Federal Republic, 1971.09.03, Bonn. Dante Alghieri

Italy, 1990.05.12, Roma. Dante, Globus, Book

Italy, 2009.10.21, Rome. Dante and Virgil

Italy, 2011.11.18, Rome. Stanp with Dante

Mexico, 1965.11.23, Mexico. Dante Alghieri

San-Marino, 2009.10.21, San-Marino. Dante and Virgil

Vatican, 1965.05.18, Vatican. Divine comedy

Vatican, 2009.10.21, Vatican. Dante

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